The Effect of NPL, LDR, and BOPO on Profitability with NIM as a Moderating Variable in Private Banks Listed on the IDX

Aimmatul Qoyyimah, Nanik Wahyuni

Abstract


Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menguji sejauh mana Kredit Macet (KPR), Rasio Pinjaman terhadap Simpanan (KPR), dan Rasio Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) memengaruhi profitabilitas yang diwakili oleh Return on Assets (ROA) dengan Net Interest Margin (NIM) sebagai variabel moderasi, di antara bank-bank komersial swasta nasional konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX) selama periode 2020 hingga 2024. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan masing-masing bank. Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling, menghasilkan 34 bank dengan total 170 observasi. Pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah metode kuantitatif yang menggabungkan analisis regresi data panel dan Analisis Regresi Moderasi (MRA), dengan seluruh proses dijalankan menggunakan perangkat lunak EViews 13. Pengujian melalui uji Chow dan uji Hausman menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Model Efek Tetap adalah spesifikasi model yang paling tepat untuk digunakan. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa NPL dan LDR tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA, sedangkan BOPO ditemukan memiliki pengaruh negatif yang substansial terhadap ROA. Lebih lanjut, NIM, sebagai variabel moderasi, ditemukan memperkuat pengaruh NPL terhadap ROA, tetapi sebaliknya melemahkan hubungan antara LDR dan ROA serta hubungan antara BOPO dan ROA. Hasil keseluruhan ini menegaskan kembali peran sentral profitabilitas sebagai tolok ukur utama kesehatan keuangan perbankan, sehingga mengharuskan bank untuk secara konsisten menjaga kualitas kredit, mengelola likuiditas dengan hati-hati, dan mempertahankan efisiensi operasional. Selain itu, pengelolaan margin bunga bersih yang efektif telah terbukti berpotensi meningkatkan kinerja keuangan bank sekaligus mengurangi dampak negatif yang disebabkan oleh risiko kredit dan inefisiensi operasional.


Keywords


Non-Performing Loans; Loan to Deposit Ratio; Operating Expenses to Operating Income; Net Interest Margin; Profitability

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdurrohman. (2020). Analysis of Factors Affecting Banking Profitability in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Business, 15(1), 45–57.

Asih, S., Maftukhin, & Yenny, E. (2023). The Effect of Operating Expense to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Return on Assets (ROA) in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Bina Akuntansi, 10(2), 696–715.

Aura Salsabila, Eko Sujadi, E. S. (2024). The Effect Of NPL, LDR, And CAR On ROA With NIM As A Mediation Variable In Conventional Bank Listed On The Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI). Jurnal of Economic, 13(2), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.54209/ekonomi.v13i02

Chairunisa, M., & Isyanto, P. (2025). The Effect of BOPO on ROA and ROE at PT Bank Jago on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020–2024. Journal of Economics and Management, 2(3), 714–723.

Fanesha, C., Rachmawati, R., & Putri, A. (2021). The Effect of Financial Performance on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Business, 24(2), 112–124.

Farhan, G. Z., & Zulfikar, Z. (2024). The Effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Expense to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO) on Profitability (ROA). SEIKO : Journal of Management & Business, 7(1), 1129–1138.

Farhanditya, F. D., & Mawardi, W. (2021). The Effect of BOPO, NPL, and LDR on Return on Assets with Net Interest Margin as an Intermediary Variable. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 10(3), 1–15. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dbr

Ferly, M. M., Rinofah, R., & Kusumawardhani, R. (2021). Analysis of the Effects of CAR and BOPO on ROA with NIM as an Intervening Variable at PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Kalimantan for the Period Tahun 2011 – 2021. Journal Ekombis Review, 11(2), 1207–1220. https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/er/indexDOI:https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v11i12

Handayani, S., Nasution, F. N., & Siregar, N. B. (2024). The Effect of Non-Performing Loans and Loan to Deposit Ratio on Profitability with Inflation as a Moderating Variable in Banking Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2018-2022. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 07(05), 2771–2780. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i5-37

Haryanto, S., Aristanto, E., Assih, P., Aripin, Z., & Bachtiar, Y. (2021). Loan to Deposit Ratio , Risiko Kredit , Net Interest Margin dan Profitabilitas Bank. 4(1), 146–154.

Hasanudin, H., Awaloedin, D. T., & Apriyati, N. (2023). The Effect of LDR Ratio, CAR Ratio and BOPO Ratio on ROA in Conventional Banking on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015-2020. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 8(2), 560–571. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v8i2.11250

Idhiah Nurdianti, Mudhita Elviani, & I Gusti Kade Birawan. (2023). Analysis of factors influencing banking profitability. Journal of Economics, Business, and Humanities (Eksishum), 2(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.63494/eksishum.v2i2.78

Ishak, I. M., Pakaya, S. I., & Paramani, R. N. R. (2024). Analysis of the Impact of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return on Assets (ROA) in State-Owned Commercial Banks. Economic Reviews Journal, 3(2), 903–917. https://doi.org/10.56709/mrj.v3i2.220

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2025). RDKB – Stability of the financial services sector remains intact (April 2025). OJK.

Rahmani, N. A. B. (2022). Analysis of the Effects of Non-Performing Loans, Loan-to-Deposit Ratio, and Operating Expenses on Operating Income and Financial Performance in Sharia Commercial Banks. Dynamics of Accounting, Finance, and Banking, 11(1), 22–30.

Regina Arthamevia, R. A., & Husin, R. N. (2023). The Effect of Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return on Assets (ROA) at State-Owned Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2013–2021). AKUNTOTEKNOLOGI , 15(1), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.31253/aktek.v15i1.2129

Rohimah, E., & Setiadi. (2021). Analysis of the Effects of BOPO, CAR, and NPL on ROA in State-Owned Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2012–2019). JIMA: Student Journal of Accounting, 1(2), 133–145.

Rosandy, N., & Thio, L. S. (2022). The Effect of CAR, NIM, LDR, and BOPO on ROA in Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Paradigma Akuntansi, 4(4).

Saputra, A. J., & Angriani, R. (2023). The Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA) at Rural Credit Banks (BPR) in Batam City. Accounting and Management, 18(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.30630/jam.v18i1.210

Sinta, Y., Jamil, C. P., Abdullah, J. H., & Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong. (2023). The Impact of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on the Profitability of Conventional Commercial Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. INVEST: Journal of Business and Accounting Innovation, 4(1), 42–55.

Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010

Susilawati, S., & Nurulrahmatiah, N. (2021). The Effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return on Assets (ROA) with Net Interest Margin (NIM) as a Mediating Variable in State-Owned Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Maksipreneur Journal: Management, Cooperatives, and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v11i1.833

VMS, D. Y., Maryono, & Santosa, A. B. (2020). The Effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Operating Expenses to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on Return on Assets (ROA). Dynamics of Accounting, Finance, and Banking, 9(2), 189–200.

Widia, E., Sinaga, B., Saajidah, A., Saragih, E. C., Sirait, M. M.,

Hutabalian, R. A., & Margaret, P. S. (2025). Examining the Impact of LDR and BOPO on ROA through NIM : Evidence from Indonesian Conventional Banks ( 2014 – 2023 ). BALANCE: Journal of Economics, 21(1), 53–61.

Zakirah, R. H., & Hasanuh, N. (2023). Analysis of the effects of LDR, NPL, and NIM on ROA in Indonesian banks for the period 2018–2022. Tirtayasa Ekonomika.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.46576/wjs.v5i3.9053

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 1 times
PDF – 1 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Worksheet : Jurnal Akuntansi Terindeks pada:

    

Member Of:

Worksheet : Jurnal Akuntansi Published By :

FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI
UNIVERSITAS DHARMAWANGSA

Alamat : Jl. K. L. Yos Sudarso No. 224 Medan
Kontak : Tel. 061 6635682 - 6613783  Fax. 061 6615190
Surat Elektronik : jurnalworksheet@dharmawangsa.ac.id

 

Creative Commons License

Worksheet : Jurnal Akuntansi By Universitas Dharmawangsa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://jurnal.dharmawangsa.ac.id/index.php/worksheet/index