Paparan Subletal Mikroplastik Polistirena (PS) Menurunkan Kelangsungan Hidup, Pertumbuhan, dan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono; Bhakti Negara; Wastu Ayu Diamahesa

doi:10.46576/jai.v5i2.8628

Paparan Subletal Mikroplastik Polistirena (PS) Menurunkan Kelangsungan Hidup, Pertumbuhan, dan Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono, Bhakti Negara, Wastu Ayu Diamahesa

Abstract

Mikroplastik polistirena (PS) semakin banyak dilaporkan terdapat dalam sistem akuakultur dan berpotensi menurunkan kinerja produksi organisme budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh paparan subletal mikroplastik PS terhadap kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu 0 mg/L (P1/kontrol), 1 mg/L (P2), 10 mg/L (P3), dan 20 mg/L (P4), masing-masing tiga ulangan. Udang stadia PL-10 dipelihara selama 45 hari dalam 20 L media pemeliharaan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kelangsungan hidup (SR), rasio konversi pakan (FCR), efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP), pertambahan bobot mutlak, pertambahan panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik, dan laju pertumbuhan panjang spesifik. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Paparan PS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap seluruh variabel kinerja utama. Nilai SR menurun dari 71.67±2.89% pada kontrol menjadi 38.33±2.89% pada dosis 20 mg/L (F3,8=40.905; p<0.001). Nilai FCR meningkat dari 1.54±0.07 menjadi 2.94±0.38 (F3,8=17.348; p=0.001), sedangkan EPP menurun dari 52.27±3.12% menjadi 23.13±3.61% (F3,8=40.371; p<0.001). Pertambahan bobot mutlak, pertambahan panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik, dan laju pertumbuhan panjang spesifik juga menurun signifikan seiring peningkatan dosis. Kualitas air tetap berada dalam kisaran layak sepanjang percobaan, sehingga penurunan performa lebih rasional dikaitkan dengan paparan PS daripada dengan penurunan kualitas media pemeliharaan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kontaminasi mikroplastik PS merupakan faktor risiko yang relevan terhadap produktivitas budidaya udang vaname

Keywords

Mikroplastik; Polistirena; Rasio Konversi Pakan; Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan; Udang vaname

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46576/jai.v5i2.8628