Paparan Mikroplastik PVC melalui Media Air Menurunkan Kelangsungan Hidup dan Performa Pertumbuhan Ikan Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono; Rifki Rijal Hapriawan; Muhammad Sumsanto

doi:10.46576/jai.v5i2.8614

Paparan Mikroplastik PVC melalui Media Air Menurunkan Kelangsungan Hidup dan Performa Pertumbuhan Ikan Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono, Rifki Rijal Hapriawan, Muhammad Sumsanto

Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan kontaminan perairan yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis pada ikan, termasuk penurunan performa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup. Polivinil klorida (PVC) merupakan salah satu polimer yang relevan dalam konteks ini karena persisten di lingkungan dan berpotensi melepaskan aditif kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh paparan mikroplastik PVC melalui media air terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan performa pertumbuhan ikan guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober–November 2025 di Laboratorium Produksi dan Reproduksi Ikan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mataram. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu P1 (0 mg/L), P2 (5 mg/L), P3 (15 mg/L), dan P4 (20 mg/L) mikroplastik PVC. Ikan dipelihara selama 45 hari dengan kepadatan 10 ekor per akuarium. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kelangsungan hidup (SR), pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), rasio konversi pakan (FCR), dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SR berkisar antara 66,67–100%, dengan nilai terendah pada perlakuan 20 mg/L. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa paparan mikroplastik PVC berpengaruh nyata terhadap SR, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, dan SGR, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap FCR. Pertumbuhan panjang mutlak tidak menunjukkan variasi antarperlakuan. Uji lanjut menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 20 mg/L memiliki SR, bobot mutlak, dan SGR yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol dan 5 mg/L, sedangkan perlakuan 15 mg/L cenderung berada pada posisi intermediat. Secara umum, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paparan mikroplastik PVC melalui media air lebih cepat tercermin pada penurunan kelangsungan hidup dan pelemahan pertumbuhan berbasis bobot dibandingkan pada pertumbuhan panjang ikan guppy

Keywords

FCR; Growth Performance; Kelangsungan Hidup; Mikroplastik PVC, Poecilia reticulata

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46576/jai.v5i2.8614